Forced Induction

Forced induction is a method used to increase the power output of an engine by forcing more air into the combustion chamber than would be possible with natural aspiration. This is achieved through devices like turbochargers and superchargers.

Types of Forced Induction

1. Turbochargers:

   • How They Work: Turbochargers use the engine’s exhaust gases to spin a turbine, which then drives a compressor that forces more air into the engine’s intake manifold.
   • Benefits: They can significantly increase horsepower and torque, improve fuel efficiency, and are often considered “free power” since they utilize exhaust gases¹.
   • Considerations: Turbochargers can exhibit turbo lag, which is a delay in power delivery as the turbo spools up².

2. Superchargers:

   • How They Work: Superchargers are mechanically driven by the engine, typically through a belt connected to the crankshaft. They compress the intake air and force it into the engine.
   • Benefits: They provide immediate power with no lag, making them ideal for applications where instant throttle response is crucial³.
   • Considerations: Superchargers can be less efficient than turbochargers because they draw power directly from the engine³.

Advantages of Forced Induction

• Increased Power: By forcing more air into the engine, more fuel can be burned, resulting in greater power output.
• Improved Efficiency: Forced induction can improve the overall efficiency of the engine, leading to better fuel economy under certain conditions.
• Enhanced Performance: Better acceleration, improved passing ability, and heightened throttle response are some of the performance benefits¹.

Applications in Racing

In race cars, forced induction is used to maximize engine performance and gain a competitive edge. Turbocharged engines are common in many racing series, including Formula 1 and World Rally Championship, while superchargers are often found in drag racing and certain types of circuit racing.